The worker MPM uses multiple child processes with many threads each. Each thread handles one connection at a time. Worker generally is a good choice for high-traffic servers because it has a smaller memory footprint than the prefork MPM. This guide provides the process of switching from Apache’s default installation of MPM Prefork to that of MPM Worker and i will also be covering the proper installation of FastCGI (mod_fcgid) to further improve your server performance.

Install Apache & Switching Apache to Worker MPM mode

To install apache on CentOS, type the following command as root

# yum install httpd

If you want to run Apache by default when the system boots, type the following command

# chkconfig httpd --level 2345 on

To start Apache for the first time, type the following command

# /etc/init.d/httpd start

To switch Apache to Worker MPM mode edit /etc/sysconfig/httpd

# vi /etc/sysconfig/httpd

Uncomment the following line

HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker

Install PHP & mod_fcgid

To install PHP 5.3 on CentOS, type the following command

# yum install php53

Apache run mod_php by default, to disable mod_php, type the following command

# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf.bak

To install mod_fcgid, the first you need to ensure httpd-devel package installed, enter

# yum install httpd-devel

Download & Extract mod_fcgid

# wget http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/mod_fcgid/mod_fcgid-2.3.6.tar.gz
tar zxvf mod_fcgid-2.3.6.tar.gz
cd mod_fcgid-2.3.6

To compile mod_fcgid, type the following command

# ./configure.apxs
# make
# make install

The module will be automatically installed and specified in the configuration file of the Apache. The next step create config for mod_fcgi, enter

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/mod_fcgid.conf

Add the following content

AddHandler php-fcgi
<FilesMatch \.php$>
Options +ExecCGI
AddHandler php-fcgi .php
FCGIWrapper /var/www/cgi-bin/php-fcgi .php
</FilesMatch>
AddType text/html .php
DirectoryIndex index.php

Create php-fcgi script in cgi-bin, enter

# vi /var/www/cgi-bin/php-fcgi

Add the following content

#!/bin/sh
PHPRC=/etc/
export PHPRC
export PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=5000
export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=0
exec /usr/bin/php-cgi

Make file executable

# chmod +x /var/www/cgi-bin/php-fcgi

I would recommend that you specify the line below in /etc/php.ini cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1, enter

# echo "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1" >> /etc/php.ini

Final, restart Apache with the following command

# /etc/init.d/httpd restart

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To limit the total size of the HTTP request body sent from the client use LimitRequestBody Directive.

The LimitRequestBody directive allows the user to set a limit on the allowed size of an HTTP request message body within the context in which the directive is given (server, per-directory, per-file or per-location). If the client request exceeds that limit, the server will return an error response instead of servicing the request. The size of a normal request message body will vary greatly depending on the nature of the resource and the methods allowed on that resource. CGI scripts typically use the message body for passing form information to the server. Implementations of the PUT method will require a value at least as large as any representation that the server wishes to accept for that resource.

This directive gives the server administrator greater control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be useful for avoiding some forms of denial-of-service attacks.

This directive specifies the number of bytes from 0 (meaning unlimited) to 2147483647 (2GB) that are allowed in a request body.

For example,if we want to limit upload size to 100k for /var/www/html/uploads, we need to add below commands to .htaccess or httpd.conf.

<Directory "/var/www/html/uploads">
    LimitRequestBody 102400
</Directory>

Finally, restart apache ( if added to httpd.conf ), type the following command as root

# /etc/init.d/httpd graceful

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